条纹锯鮨(Centropristis striata)仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育的异速生长模式

采用实验生态学方法对条纹锯仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育的异速生长模式进行研究。对条纹锯(0–80日龄)的可量性状进行测量并运用统计学方法进行分析。结果表明,0–80日龄条纹锯全长的生长符合Y=4.529-(9.227×10-5)X3+0.015X2-0.189X(R2=0.994),干重增长符合Y=0.002X3-0.151X2+3.257X-18.232(R2=0.993),其变化曲线呈"J"型增长。多数功能器官具有异速生长的特性,与摄食、运动相关的功能器官的生长拐点相对较早,在拐点之前,相对于全长呈正异速生长,拐点之后相对于全长呈负异速生长或等速生长。口裂、吻长、眼径、胸鳍、尾鳍的生长拐点分别为20、44、32、36、19日龄,其他相关器官的生长拐点相对较晚,头长、头高、腹长、体高的生长拐点分别为56、37、44、60日龄,其中头长相对于全长在拐点之前呈负异速生长,拐点之后呈等速生长。条纹锯部分功能器官的优先发育保证了在个体发育过程中的早期摄食能力和对敌害的躲避能力的完善,有效地提高了其生存能力。条纹锯异速生长模型的建立,有助于针对性地为其提供适宜条件,从而获得其最适和最大生长效能,为人工繁育和养殖条纹锯提供理论基础。     

花秆绿竹试管快速繁殖

花秆绿竹Bambusa oldhamif. striata是绿竹Bambusa oldhami的一个变型。以花秆绿竹的侧芽为材料,研究不同质量浓度6-苄基腺嘌呤（BA）及噻二唑苯基脲（TDZ）对花秆绿竹试管快繁的影响。结果表明：单独添加BA或TDZ,随其质量浓度增加,增殖系数逐渐上升,但伸长生长受到抑制,添加TDZ的效果显著优于BA;BA和TDZ相互作用时,以3.00 mg.L-1BA与0.10 mg.L-1TDZ结合时芽体增殖及伸长生长最佳,芽丛生长旺盛;培养过程中降低或去除细胞分裂素即可生根。     

纵条纹炭角菌石油醚萃取物的挥发性成分分析

[目的]分析炭角菌科药食真菌纵条纹炭角菌(Xylaria striata Pat.1887)子实体石油醚萃取物的化学成分。[方法]采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对纵条纹炭角菌乙醇提取石油醚萃取物进行测定,使用NIST谱图库自动检索结合人工比对确定其化学成分,并利用峰面积归一法计算各成分相对百分含量。[结果]共分离出37个色谱峰,经文献与标准图谱对照分析,鉴定出30个化合物,鉴定成分占流出峰总面积的98.43%。纵条纹炭角菌石油醚萃取物主要包括脂肪酸及其酯类(77.58%),以及甾体类化合物(19.44%)。含量最高的是反式-亚油酸甲酯(38.23%),其次为棕榈酸甲酯(19.12%)、麦角甾醇(17.06%)、9顺,12反-亚油酸甲酯(5.15%)、油酸甲酯(4.43%)以及硬脂酸甲酯(3.3%)等。[结论]研究结果为该食药用真菌在农业和医药等领域的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

白及产业的发展现状、存在问题及展望

兰科植物白及(Bletilla striata)具有较高的药用价值和观赏价值,市场发展前景良好,因其野生资源匮乏,在自然条件下人工难于栽培,其产业发展面临较大的困难。为对白及产业可持续健康发展提供参考,从种质资源、产品市场发展及栽培种植现状等方面综述白及产业发展现状,分析白及产业存在的问题,提出可持续的发展方向。     

Contribution of militarine and dactylorhin A to the plant growth‐inhibitory activity of a weed‐suppressing orchid,Bletilla striata

The methanol extract of Bletilla striata, an ornamental orchid in eastern Asia, exhibited plant growth‐inhibitory activity. It was purified by continuous chromatography, based on the inhibitory activity against the growth of lettuce seedlings, resulting in two glycosidic compounds, militarine and dactylorhin A. The EC₅₀ values of militarine and dactylorhin A against the radicle elongation of the lettuce seedlings were 0.28 and 0.88 mmol L^?1, respectively. The amount of militarine and dactylorhin A in the methanol extract of the aerial part of B. striata was calculated to be 5.6 and 7.5 mg g^?1 fresh weight, respectively. The inhibitory activity of militarine and its content in the methanol extract revealed that the plant growth‐inhibitory activity of the extract of B. striata was mainly related to militarine. The inhibitory activity of militarine against the growth of Italian ryegrass and timothy were of the same level as that of lettuce.     

外界条件对白及组织培养的影响

测定了不同外界环境条件对白及组织培养的影响,结果表明：在白及组培过程中,通过改变外部条件来影响白及丛生芽个数、株高、株重等重要生长指标,发现白及组织培养过程中最适宜的温度为24℃,光照周期为10h/d,光强为1800 lx,pH值为6.5。     

不同年限毛竹-白及复合系统土壤微生物群落多样性特点

为了揭示毛竹-白及复合经营系统中植物-土壤间的互作关系,在安徽省广德市邱村镇选择3个不同套种年限(1、3和4年)的毛竹-白及复合林分为研究对象,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术,结合主成分分析对培养72 h土壤微生物群落功能多样性及其碳代谢特征进行分析.结果 表明,毛竹-白及复合林分的土壤微生物碳源平均颜色变化率、S...     

美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)“突眼症”的病原菌分离鉴定

养殖中患有“突眼症”的美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的症状表现为眼球白浊、充血、异常增生.从眼球病灶部位分离纯化得到1株优势菌,在TCBS培养基上生长迅速,菌落中部隆起,黄色,有黏性,杆状菌,端生单鞭毛,属于革兰氏阴性菌,定名为CJG01.人工感染实验证实,其对美洲黑石斑鱼有较强的致病性,可引起幼鱼眼球突出、脱落,肌肉溃烂,骨胳外露.解剖感染组的幼鱼发现,患病幼鱼的肝脏、肾脏红肿,脾脏肿大,肠道内有淡黄色液体.其半致死浓度LD50为2.67× 105 CFU/ml.API 20NE快速鉴定及相关生理生化实验结果显示,菌株CJG01的生长温度为28-37℃,最适温度为28℃,在含盐量为0-5％之间的TSB培养基可生长,对弧菌抑制剂O/129敏感,氧化酶反应阳性,鸟氨酸脱羧酶反应阳性,V-P反应阴性,可同化甘露醇、麦芽糖、苹果酸,不能同化葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、癸酸、已二酸、柠檬酸、苯乙酸等,菌株CJG01的生理生化特性与哈维氏弧菌(Vbrio harveyi)一致.对病原菌的16S rDNA序列对比分析及系统进化树分析显示,菌株CJG01与哈维氏弧菌序列同源性最高,达99％.药敏实验证实,该菌株对氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、诺氟沙星、青霉素、多粘菌素B、阿奇霉素等药物不敏感,对头孢唑林、恩诺沙星、链霉素、红霉素、克拉霉素等药物中度敏感,对抗生素头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、氟罗沙星、环丙沙星、氯霉素、新生霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、呋喃唑酮、利福平、四环素、米诺环素等种药物敏感.     

Preliminary investigations on the effects of dietary lipid on the spawning performance and egg quality of black sea bass Centropristis striata L

Adult black sea bass Centropristis striata broodstock ( N =162) were fed three different dietary treatments: two commercially prepared diets with 45% protein and two different lipid levels (12% and 20%) (diets 1 and 2), and a diet of frozen Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia (SS, diet 3). Broodstock were held under controlled photothermal conditions and induced to spawn with an LHRHa pellet (72 μg kg⁻¹ bw). Dietary lipid had pronounced effects on spawning performance and egg quality. Diet 3 (SS) produced a significantly ( P <0.05) higher fertilization success (22.4%) than diets 1 (0.6%) and 2 (4.8%). The hatching success of fertilized eggs was similar in all diets (range=40–58.6%), but only two spawns from diet 1 (12% lipid) yielded viable yolk-sac larvae (YSL). Diet 3 (SS) also produced significantly more YSL per female (21.8 × 10³) than the diet 1 (0.3 × 10³). Eggs from diet 3 (SS) contained a significantly greater proportion of n-3 series fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as the largest fraction. Eggs from commercially prepared dietary treatments contained significantly more n-6 fatty acids. The poor spawning performance of fish fed diet 1 (12% lipid) may be related to higher levels of linoleic acid and lower levels of DHA in the diet.     

白及的花部特征与繁育系统

 通过野外观察、授粉特性分析、杂交指数估算及人工控制授粉试验等方法对白及野生居群的花部特征和繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明：在自然条件下,白及4-5月开花,群体花期约44 d,群体盛花期约12 d,集中在4月29日-5月10日,单株花期11 ~ 27 d,单花花期6 ~ 8 d。总状花序上具两性花3 ~ 11朵。在花朵开放的整个过程中,花药始终高于柱头且两者之间存在隔离。花粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团,无法散落至柱头。开花后3 d 内花粉活力和柱头可授性均较高。白及杂交指数为4。无论去雄与否,套袋后的花均不结实,说明其不能进行自然的自花授粉和无融合生殖。白及人工自花授粉、同株异花授粉和异株授粉的结实率分别为93.33%、90.00%和93.33%,自然条件下的结实率为5.26%。花粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团和缺乏有效的传粉媒介可能是白及自然条件下结实率低的主要原因。